![]() Reliability was high for Digit Span forward, low for Digit Span backward, and moderate for the Corsi Block-Tapping task. Table 1 shows descriptive data, internal consistency, and reliable change coefficients for each task. Reliable change indexes (RCIs) were calculated for all test measures. Reliability was estimated by the split-half method, using the first trials from each span to compose the first half and the second trials to compose the second half. Two errors in the same span prompted interruption of the task. Two trials were administered for each span (sequence length ranging from 2 to 8), in forward and reverse order, in both tasks. The same examiner administered and scored both tasks in all participants. The study was approved by the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Ethics Committee and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Diagnosis involved cognitive and functional assessment, performed with the Brazilian versions of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale 4 and Functional Activities Questionnaire. ![]() To analyze the reliability of the Digit Span and Corsi Block-Tapping tasks, we assessed 25 older adults with low formal education referred for neuropsychological assessment due to cognitive-functional complaints (13 patients with mild and 12 with major neurocognitive disorder, irrespective of etiological diagnosis). follow-up) are likely due to measurement error (imprecision of test measures) or are associated with an external factor (the intervention, a placebo, or other non-documented causes). These are simple statistical procedures used to examine whether changes in test scores over time (e.g., pre-intervention vs. Test reliability is an important measure used to estimate test precision and to create reliable change coefficients. However, we are unaware of studies investigating the reliability of these tasks for WM assessment in older adults diagnosed with neurocognitive disorders. Both tests are commonly used in neuropsychological assessment of older adults with a diagnostic hypothesis of pathological aging (e.g., minor and major neurocognitive disorders). The Corsi Block-Tapping task uses nine cubes placed on a wooden board to assess visuospatial WM. The Digit Span uses escalating series of numbers from 1 to 9, presented in a randomized fashion, to assess verbal WM. 2 In both tests, the subject must repeat a series of stimuli in the presented order (forward) or in the inverse order (backward). The Digit Span and Corsi Block-Tapping tasks are frequently used in WM assessment. Furthermore, as a cognitive process, WM is key to understanding functional capacity in clinical samples. 1 Despite the lack of a consensus definition and theoretical model to explain this function, its assessment is a key aspect in clinical practice, both for diagnostic and intervention purposes. The backward DS task may be an effective screening measure for dementia signs in the elderly and may be used to identify patients requiring further assessments such as the RST to evaluate dementia severity based on WM performance.Ä«ackward digit span dementia forward digit span short-term memory working memory.Working memory (WM) is a core aspect of executive function, related to temporary storage of information to be manipulated and used by other cognitive processes. Our findings indicate that the backward DS task may detect WM decline in dementia, but the RST is more suitable for assessing dementia severity. Both types of DS tasks correlated with RST, only the RST distinguished dementia severity based on CDR. DS task scores were significantly correlated with RST scores. ![]() Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR) was used to evaluate dementia severity. Twenty-six and 20 elderly individuals for the DS task and RST, respectively, were included as controls. Forward/backward DS tasks and RST were performed in 15 elderly Japanese individuals with dementia. We investigated the ability of forward/backward DS tasks to discriminate dementia severity. ![]() This study aimed to compare the performance of individuals with dementia in forward and backward DS tasks to that in RST. DS task and RST have not been directly compared in assessing dementia. The backward digit span (DS) task and reading span test (RST) are measures of WM. Dementia is characterized by the deterioration of working memory (WM). ![]()
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